Research into the history of puppets usually skips over the period of early Christianity, devoting instead great attention to the reconstruction of the previous and the following phase. This research stems from the curiosity to better investigate, as Leopardi would say, this "neglected and disconsolate land". A curiosity tinged with challenge, in an attempt to combine Puppet Theatre and the history of ancient Christianity, art and religion, to be anthropologically understood as human facts and expressions of an organised mental activity; moreover, as two psychic needs of man, two elementary drives. The history of puppets is, therefore, inseparable from that of religions and, in various cultures, the very history of the creation of man is narrated as the construction of a puppet. The conference is held by Dr Jlenia Biffi and summarises the results of her degree thesis in Anthropology on Puppet Theatre from the 1st to the 4th century AD.